Physics as a fundamental and foundation for all scientific inventions offers two options: (i) Professional option: It is for those who, expect to become physicists in industrial or government research and development laboratories, or in teaching institutions. (ii) Applied option: it is intended for those who plan to pursue a technical career in physics or other technical areas, usually without further study.

Branches of Physics and their scope

Astrophysics: Astrophysics is the study of the physical nature of stars and other celestial bodies. It also involves the application of the laws and theories of physics to the interpretation of astronomical observations. As such astrophysicists are assigned the task of studying astronomical phenomenon and the related physio-chemical interactions. Astrophysics can be studied in the higher degrees as anyone of the two broad categories, namely Observational Astrophysics and Theoretical Astrophysics.

Eligibility: Those with an undergraduate degree with physics and mathematics can pursue M.Sc degree in Astrophysics. It is mandatory for a candidate to acquire proficiency in physics and mathematics at the graduate level and then go for Astrophysics as a specialization.
Very few universities offer Astrophysics courses in undergraduate level worldwide. But, after the formal twelve year secondary school education, candidates can do graduation in Science stream and then at the Master's and PhD levels, there are several options available to study astrophysics.

Fiber Optical Physics

Fluid Physics, a branch of Continuum Physics, is the Stud, behavior of fluids in motion. Since three of the four states of matter of (gas, liquid and plasma) are fluid, and even the fourth (solid) behaves like a fluid under many conditions, fluid physics is Very much important to understand, control, and improves all of our industrial as well as natural processes. Eligibility: Candidates who desires to pursue this course, .must have an undergraduate degree with physics and mathematics. Employment opportunities are available with research institutes, Government organizations; Fluid physics related Industry, in Universities, etc. Fluid scientists usually work in well-equipped laboratories and computer-controlled systems as computational fluid Dynamist.

Biophysics

It is the Biological Physics that applies the principles of Physics and Chemistry and the methods of Mathematical Analysis and Computer Modeling. To understand how biological systems work. It explains the biological al function in terms of the molecular structures and their properties.

Modem Biophysics composes an extraordinarily broad range of research experimental techniques from physics, mathematics and statistics, to larger systems such as tissues, organs, populations and ecosystems.

Eligibility: Those who intends to pursue B.Se. (Hons.) in Human Biology, B.Se. (Life Sc)/BVSc/B.Sc (Hons) in Biophysics must have an undergraduate degree with Physics, Biology and Chemistry.

Employment opportunities: A wide range of employment sector are open to Biophysicists, such as research institutes, Government  organizations, Biophysics related Industry, Biologically-oriented high-tech companies such as pharmaceutical, biotechnology an s nanotechnology, Universities, renowned world-class organizations  such as, National Institute for Research in Reproductive health  (NIRRH) Mumbai, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi  Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, Central Lea nee Research Institute (CSIR), Chennai, Indian Institute of Science  (IISC), Bangalore, etc.

Materials Physics

Material physics is the use of physics to describe materials In Many different ways such as force, heat, light and mechanics. It is a dl thesis of physical sciences such as chemistry, solid mechanics and solid state physics. Eligibility: Candidates who wants to pursue Materials physics must have an undergraduate degree with physics or chemistry.
Employment opportunities are available with several research Institutes, Government organizations, Materials Physics related Industry, a:.Jtomotive industry, aeronautical, aerospace, Energy Production, Health care, manufacturing of Computer and Cell phones and also in Universities.

Radiation Physics

It is the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on matter, and of its measurement. One who has a degree or diploma in this subject can work as Radiological Safety Officers in research and industrial institutions where ionising radiations are used. Another area where Radiation Physicist can play a important role are increasing the shelf life of agricultural products during large scale packaging for export. Gamma radiator is used in food radiation plants to package the products and to make the seeds fungal free.

Geophysicists

Geophysicists study the structure and composition of zone below the surface of the earth by taking measurements with a range of techniques such as seismic, gravity, magnetic and electrical methods. They often specialise in areas such as seismology and seismic interpretation, borehole geophysics, mineral exploration, engineering geophysics, environmental or groundwater geophysics 'or computer processing.
Geophysicists perform a range of duties including supervising collection and processing of seismic data for petroleum exploration and interpreting and mapping prospects on which to drill a well. They plan, conduct and interpret geophysical surveys in exploring for mineral commodities and design, develop and operate computer systems and software processing and interpret geophysical data sets. Other duties include making studies of the earth including that of earthquakes and earthquake risk, time variations and the distribution of the earth's magnetic and gravity fields.

Personal attributes: An alert and analytical mind, an interest in applying physics and maths in practical ways along with good communication skills and a willingness to work in remote areas are the personal requirements in this profession.

Institutes and Courses

•    Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan off year M.Sc. Physics. Eligibility: Must have passed 10+2 examinations.
•    IIT Delhi, Delhi offers 5-year M.Sc. Physics. Ehglbl1ity: Must h passed 10+2 examinations.
•    IIT, Kharagpur, Kharagpur offers 5-year M.Sc. (Physics). Eligibility Must have passed 10+2 examinations.
In addition admission to B.5c. Physics (Hans) is available at most of the Colleges/Universities.